Analytical VS Hortatory Exposition

Dear students…..

Bingung cara membedakan teks analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition? Don’t worry it’s so easy. Study the followings ya…

Sebelum kita mengetahui perbedaan teks analytical dan hortatory, mari kita mengenal persamaan dari kedua teks ini. Teks exposition dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition. Exposition adalah jenis teks yang berisi tentang argumen-argumen tentang suatu topik. Dalam menulis teks ini, penulis perlu mencari sumber informasi agar argumen yang dikemukakan cukup kuat untuk mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar.
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita bisa menemukan teks exposition dalam diskusi, pidato, iklan, surat, dsb. Contohnya, ada seorang teman yang merokok, kita bisa saja memberikan pendapat kita bahwa merokok itu tidak baik. So the thesis is “Smoking is not good for your health”. Kemudian kita akan memberikan alasan-alasan mengapa merokok itu tidak baik, so we tell the arguments that support our thesis. The social function of exposition is to persuade the reader or listener.

So the difference is…..
Study the text organization of analytical exposition below.
Ada 3 tahapan dalam teks analytical, yaitu:

1. Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
2. Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last, dll.
3. Reiteration, berisi tentang simpulan dari Thesis, dan Arguments yang dikemukakan. Kata-kata yang digunakan biasanya In my conclusion, Based on the arguments above, dll

Perbedaan Analytical Exposition dan Hortatory Exposition terletak di paragraf terakhir. Dalam penulisan Hortatory juga ada 3 bagian, yaitu:

1. Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
2. Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last, dll.
3. Recommendation, berisi tentang saran dari penulis atas Thesis dan Arguments yang dikemukakan. Biasanya ada kata-kata should, should not, ought to, ought not to, dll.

For example:

Text 1
Smoking in restaurants

Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not just in restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.

Text 2
Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course yes. Television can expose things you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.
A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption, stress, and short of sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioned above, protect your children with the following tips:
1. Limit television viewing to 1 – 2 hours each day
2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms
3. Review the rating of TV shows that your children watch
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening the show

Kedua teks di atas hampir sama, perbedaannya hanya ada di paragraf terakhir. Coba perhatikan paragraf terakhir pada teks 1 yang hanya berisi simpulan tidak ada saran. Memang ada kata “shouldn’t be allowed in the restaurants”, namun itu bukan saran melainkan penguatan dari thesis. Perhatikan lagi thesisnya “It must be allowed because…” Bandingkan dengan paragraf terakhir pada teks kedua yang berisi saran melalui empat tips yang harus dilakukan to protect the children. Clear right?

REPORT text…

Dear students…

There are so many questions about Report. I’m going to to give you short explanation. hope you’ll understand easily.

Well, it’s absolutely different between REPORT text and Laporan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Report as one of the genres that we learn does not mean laporan in Indonesia. So, what is a report text? Report means a text which describe things in general. It’s a little bit different from descriptive text which describe specific thing. To tell the facts of the things described, the writer usually uses present simple tense. Kecuali bendanya sudah punah, seperti dinosaurus. Penulis atau pembicara akan menggunakan simple past tense jika benda yang diceritakan sudah punah, alias dah jadul. Report text contains the class or subclass of the topic described, and then followed by telling the shape, parts, behaviour, etc in details.

Kalian pasti pernah mendeskripsikan sesuatu, bisa berupa hewan, tumbuhan, benda, dan hal lain secara umum. Contoh nyata jika ada turis asing yang meminta kalian menjelaskan tentang karakteristik orang Indonesia, kalian pasti akan mendeskripsikan orang Indonesia secara umum bukan mendeskripsikan diri kamu sendiri tentunya. Atau dalam pelajaran Biologi, kalian biasanya mempelajari karakteristik hewan secara umum, baik itu kelasnya (classification) hingga mempelajari sifat-sifat hewan tersebut secara detail (description).

Dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal teks deskripsi. Namun dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris teks deskripsi dibedakan menjadi dua bagian, yaitu descriptive dan report.

Yang harus diingat adalah Report adalah jenis teks yang mendeskripsikan sesuatu secara umum. Beda dengan Descriptive yang mendeskripsikan sesuatu secara spesifik atau tertentu (alias cuma satu). Contoh: Ada dua teks tentang komputer yaitu “Computer” dan “My Own Computer”, kalau dilihat dari judulnya kedua teks tersebut beda jenis teksnya: Computer (Umum; jenis teksnya Report); My own computer (Khusus, kan cuma komputer saya, makanya jenis teksnya Descriptive).

For example:

For many years, many people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there is proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.

Although a dolphin lives in the sea it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.

Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous water.

Text di atas menjelaskan tentang dolphin secara umum. Di paragraf kedua tercantum jelas bahwa dolphin belongs to mammal. Ini menjelaskan bahwa dophin termasuk ke dalam kelas mamalia. Di paragraf ketiga dan selanjutnya menjelaskan tentang kebiasaan dari dolphin secara umum.

Contoh lain:

A razor is a tool which is found in nearly every bathroom. A man who has thick hair on his face may have to shave twice a day. It is a habit which can be dangerous. For many years, a razor was a handle with a long piece of steel which was sharp and flat at one end. These razors had a long open blade.

But today’s razors are safer and more convenient to use. The thing which makes today’s razor safe is that the blade is small thin sharp piece of steel. The person who invented razor blades was a man called King Gillette. He was a clever man who had many ideas for new inventions. He wanted to make a blade that was safe and which could be used several times. In 1891, he invented a new type of razor blade. It was short and it was held in a special handle. The sharp edge of the blade did not stick out very far. It was a razor which was safe to use. It was more difficult to cut yourself than with the older type of razor.

Gillette’s razor blade became popular. It was an invention which worked well and which everybody need because each blade only lasted 8 to 10 times. Gillette sold many of his new safety blades and soon became a millionaire.

Teks di atas menceritakan tentang benda mati yaitu razor. Di paragraf awal menggambarkan tentang suatu alat berupa razor secara umum. Di paragraf berikutnya menjelaskan tentang bagian dan bentuk dari razor.

It’s clear that both of the texts above describe things in general. Report teks biasanya kita temukan dalam buku-buku ilmiah, science khususnya.

Social Function:

Describe the way things are (for example: a man-made thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class.

Text organization/Generic Structure:

1. General classification (Introduce the topic of the report, such as: the class or the subclass)
2. Description (tell the shape/form, parts, behaviour, habitat, way of survival)

Language Feature:

1. The use of general nouns
2. The use of relating verbs
3. The use of present tense
4. The use of behavioral verbs

Perlu contoh lain kan. Tinggal klik the followings:

What-is-a-kangaroo?

The-white-pelican

silkworms

seals

gold-is-a-precious-metal

sea-horse

dolphins

chimpanzees

carnivorous-plants

boarding school education

There are many arguments in favor of a boarding school education. Nevertheless, the boarding school is not always the best education institution for everyone.
At an early age interacting and communicating with people is very important for a child’s personal life and can be especially helpful for his/her future. In a boarding school, shy children can take advantage of interaction through communal activities. The boarding school also offers a great variety of activities such as arts, sports, and music that allow children to demonstrate and develop specialized skills in their free time.
Furthermore, the structured way of life and strict rules at the boarding school may helps students to get used to a well ordered way of life. The manners and social skills will help them to become more responsible and confident, and to develop their talents in leadership. Professionally trained teachers and educators in the boarding school can offer excellent education without the parents’ constant supervision.
In spite of these good points, it is not advisable to send a child to a boarding school if he/she is a dependent learner. A boarding school usually demands that student learn independently. In addition, the boarding school should not be seen as a measure to solve inappropriate behavior or unsatisfactory study performance. Instead of improving, problematic children may close off their relationship with their peers and teachers.
In conclusion although a boarding school may provide good education to many children, it is not recommended for those who are strongly attached to their families. They may become frustrated and socially isolated.

27. According to the writer, children in a boarding school can develop specialized skills in…
a. Entrepreneurship
b. Community service
c. Reading
d. Drama
e. Music

28. Why do parents send their children to boarding school? Because…
a. It is good for shy children
b. It gives good education for adults
c. Interacting and communicating with people is very important
d. It does not allow children demonstrate excellence and develop their skills
e. It is safe and makes children become responsible and develop talents in leadership

29. From the text, we can conclude that…
a. The boarding school can be very expensive
b. There are good and bad boarding schools
c. The boarding school is the solution to our educational problems
d. It’s not necessary to send children to a boarding school because the students can live independently
e. Not everyone thinks that the boarding school is the best educational institution for children

Laptop

A laptop is a kind of computer unit which has the same function as a PC (Personal Computer), but it is smaller, lighter and of different sizes. Nowadays, most people choose laptops for several reasons.
A laptop is a portable device. This portability is very helpful for our work, study and other activities. We do not need complicated cable installations to activate a laptop, and with a laptop, we can do our work anytime anywhere.
Moreover, a laptop allows us to access the internet in public places which provide free access called hot spot areas. Some people like to use this facility to carry out their tasks.
Finally, a laptop consumes energy more efficiently than a PC does. This device uses a rechargeable battery as a source of electric energy. So if we prefer using a laptop, it means that we support the government program to save energy.
That’s why a laptop has become very popular recently.

21. A public place where we can have free access to the internet is a/an…
a. Free access
b. Hot spot
c. Internet installation
d. Laptop facility
e. Hot spot area

22. A laptop has become very popular because…
a. It is portable
b. It allows us to access internet
c. It gives several benefits to the user
d. It doesn’t need complicated cable installation
e. We can do our work with it anytime anywhere

23. From the text we know that…
a. A laptop is usually more expensive than a PC
b. More people like a laptop better than PC
c. More people like a PC better than a laptop
d. For a mobile person a laptop is more handy than a PC
e. A laptop is cheaper now than it was before

Negeri Sembilan

Negeri Sembilan is a unique among Malaysian states for its Adat Pepatih, a matrilineal social system which came together with the Minangkabau people from the Indonesian island of Sumatra who settled in the state.
The cultural heart of Minangkabau culture in Negeri Sembilan is the pretty royal town of Seri Menanti, about 50 km from the state capital, Seremban. Here, you will find a traditional timber palace. It was the residence of Negeri Sembilan’s ruler until 1992 when it was turned into the Royal Museum. It is a showcase of Minangkabau architecture and design, and it was built by two local crafts men in 1908. No screws or nails were used in its construction. Many houses in the vicinity of Seri Menanti adopt the distict feature of Minangkabau architecture-the curved roof which resembles the horns of the buffalo.
For more of the state’s history, you can head to the State Museum in Seremban which is also housed in a former palace, the Istana Ampang Tinggi. The Adat Museum in Rembau, 25km south of Seremban, contains a fascinating array of cultural artefacts from handcrafted antiques to community heirlooms. Further to the south is the Pangkalan Kempas Historical Complex. Its most fascinating feature is a group of stone megaliths which are referred to as batu hidup (living rocks). Villagers believe the rocks can grow and move on their own.

18. The second paragraph is about…
a. Seri Mananti
b. Negeri Sembilan
c. Traditional culture in Sumatra
d. Architectural building in Negeri Sembilan
e. Minangkabau palce in Negeri Sembilan

19. Where can visitors find batu hidup?
a. In the State Museum
b. In Pangkalan Kempas
c. In the Adat Museum
d. In Rembau
e. In the Istana Ampang Tinggi

20. Why can Minangkabau culture be found in Negeri Sembilan?
a. Minangkabau people adopt the culture
b. The resident line together with Minangkabau people
c. Minangkabau people inhabited the town
d. Many homes have the culture of Minangkabau
e. The Royal Museum has Minangkabau characteristics

Remote Sensing

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon, without making physical contact with the object. In modern usage, the term generally refers to the use of aerial sensor technology to detect and classify objects on Earth (both on the surface, and in the atmosphere and ocean) by means of propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation emitted from aircraft or satellites).
There are two main types or remote sensing: passive remote sensing and active remote sensing. Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the objects or surrounding area being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive censors. Examples of passive remote sensors include film photography, infra-red, charge-coupled devices, and radiometers. Active collection, on the other hand, emits energy in order to scan objects and areas whereupon a sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target. RADAR and LIDAr are examples of active remote sensing where the time delay between emission and return is measured, stabilizing the location, height, speed and direction of an object.

15. From the text we know that remote sensing…
a. Is a way to obtain information about an object or phenomenon
b. Does not difficult to do
c. Makes physical contact with the object
d. Does not make use of censors
e. Does not make use propagated signals

16. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
a. Active sensing is better than passive sensing
b. The energy in sunlight is important for remote sensing
c. Passive sensing is not as strong as active sensing
d. The source of energy radiated for sensing determines whether it is the active or passive type
e. Active remote sensing and passive remote sensing are equally useful for the development of knowledge and technology

17. Based on the text we can say that…
a. Remote sensing is expensive technology
b. Remote sensing is useful for transportation
c. We can apply the technology to study animals
d. Medical science can be improved through remote sensing
e. Remote sensing make it possible to collect information of an object in a dangerous area

PT PLN

NOTICE TO BID
PURCHASE OF CARBON CREDIT USING CDM SCHEME

PT PLN (Persero) invites eligible bidders for purchasing Carbon Credit from PLN’s Projects Using CDM scheme.
Requirements:
Bidding is open to local or international organization having business line in CDM project development and/or has successful experiences in purchasing Carbon Credit.
Bidder may obtain and collect further information on the Terms of Transaction Document (DTS) at the following address:
Date : 22 October – 29 October 2012
Time : 10.00 am – 03.00 pm
Place : Secretariat of VP LKL
PT PLN (Persero)
Main Building 13th floor, JL. Trunojoyo Blok M1/135,
Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12160 Indonesia
Phone : 62217896541, ext. 52
Fax : 62217896542
Detailed explanation and information, bid submission, etc will be applied in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the DTS. DTS can be obtained free of charge.
This notification does not cause any financial liability to PT PLN (Persero).

Jakarta, October 24, 2012

COMMITTEE FOR CARBON CREDIT SALE PT PLN (Persero)

13. The condition for candidates to join the bid is that it must…
a. Be an international organization
b. Have successful experiences in purchasing carbon credit
c. Be a local organization
d. Be financially safe
e. Be invited by PLN

14. “This notification does not cause any financial liability to PT PLN (Persero)”
The underlined word is closest in meaning to…
a. Guarantee
b. Procedure
c. Responsibility
d. Development
e. Improvement

Alfred Bernhard Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and ornament manufacturer. He was the inventor of dynamite. He also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannons and other ornaments. He held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. He was the third son of Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Born in Stckholm on 21 October 1833, he went with my family to Saint Petersburg in 1842, where his father invented modern plywood. He studied chemistry with Professor Nikolay Nickolaevich Zinin. When he was 18, he went to the United States to study chemistry for four years and worked for a short period under John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War ironclad USS Monitor.
Returning to Sweden, with his father after bankruptcy of his family business, he then devoted himself to the study of explosives, and especially to the save manufacture and use of nitroglycerine (discovered in 1847 by Acanio Sobrero, one of his fellow students under Theophile-Jules Pelouze at the University of Turin. A big explosion occurred on 2 September 1864 at his factory in Heleneborg in Stockholm, killing five people. Among them was his younger brother, Emil.
The foundations of the Nobel Prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth for its establishment. Since 1901, the prize has honoured men and women for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for work in peace.

10. Where did Alfred Nobel work with John Ericsson?
a. In Sweden
b. In the USA
c. In Stockholm
d. In Heleneborg
e. In Saint Petersburg

11. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
a. Alfred Nobel devoted himself to the study of chemistry
b. His success with explosive finally led to the 1864 tragedy
c. A big explosion in Heleneborg in Stockholm killed many people
d. A big explosion destroyed his factory in Heleneborg Stockholm
e. Alfred Nobel planned the safe manufacture and use of nitroglycerine

12. What was Bofor’s main business under Alfred Nobel?
a. It manufactured cannons and other ornaments
b. It designed the ironclad monitor
c. It produced iron and steel
d. It produced dynamite
e. It invented nobelium

Tourist Boats Collided in Thailand

Tourist Boats Collided in Thailand, 42 Injured

Thailand: Forty-two passengers were injured and two were missing after two boats carrying Thai and foreign tourists collided in the popular island beach party, police said Sunday.
The speedboats were ferrying tourists to the Pha-Ngan island for a “fullmoon” party, a monthly event that attracts thousands of young, mostly western tourists.
Provincial police officer, Adipong Tapee said of the 42 travelers injured, 39 were hospitalized including four Britons, four Australians and four Singaporeans. Also among them were Irish, Norwegian, Malaysian and Thai tourists, he said.
The boats collided and overturned before midnight Saturday, throwing the passengers into the rough sea water just off the island, the website of The Nation newspaper said.

8. We know from the text that…
a. The boat carried forty two passengers
b. The accident happened not far from Pha-Ngan
c. The two missing passengers were westerners
d. The passengers were mostly foreign tourists
e. The boats collided on the way back to Pha-Ngan island

9. What had possibly caused the accident?
a. A careless captain
b. Too many passengers on board
c. There were too many boats
d. A rough weather
e. The boats were speeding

a cap seller

Once, a cap seller was passing through a jungle. He was dead tired and needed to rest. Then, he stopped and spread a cloth under a tree. He placed his bag full of caps bear him and lay down with his cap on his head.
The cap seller had a sound sleep for one hour. When he got up, the first thing he did was to look into his bag. He was startled when he found all his caps were not there. He was wondering where they could have gone. Indeed, he was greatly puzzled.
When he looked up the sky, he was very surprised to see monkeys sitting on the branches of a tree, each wearing a cap on his head. They had evidently done it to imitate him.
He decided to get his caps back by making a humble request to the monkeys. In return, the monkeys only made faces of him. When he began to make gestures, even when he raised his fist towards them to threaten them, they also imitated him.
At last he hit upon a clever idea. “Monkeys are a great imitator,” he thought. So he took off his own cap and threw it down on the ground. As he had expected, all the monkeys took off the caps and threw it down on the ground. Quickly he stood up and collected the caps, put them back into his bag and went away.

6. Why was each monkey wearing a cap on their head?
a. They liked them
b. They liked wearing caps
c. They were imitating the cap seller
d. They were teasing the cap seller
e. They had stolen the caps

7. What is the moral value of the text?
a. Monkeys are clever animals
b. Put your belongings in a safe place
c. Kindness must be possessed by everyone
d. Foolishness is a source of faulty
e. You have to know who you are talking to

OFFICE SUITES

This new and unusual building in the down-town business district offers unique opportunities for small to midsized tenants to occupy an entire floor.

OFFICE SUITES

From 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy.
Commuting is easy, with the nearest subway stop only one block away. It’s convenient to shops, restaurants, hotels, and business services.

For leasing call 303-572-5947

4. The good point about the office suite is …
a. They are furnished
b. They are available in one type sizes
c. They are far from public places
d. They are several blocks away to from subway stop
e. They are easy to reach for commuters

5. What is the advertisement about?
a. Leasing office space
b. Buildings in business district
c. Conveniences offered by the company
d. Availability to get unique opportunities
e. Hotels and restaurants in the down-town

PAKUAN PAPER COMPANY

PAKUAN PAPER COMPANY
Jl. Daan Mogot 122-124
Tangereang
INDONESIA

March, 19 2013

Mr. Muklis Riady
PT. Agung Nusa
Jl. Kol. Atmo 85-87
Palembang

Dear Mr. Riady,

In response to your letter of February 6, 2013, we apologize for the error in our shipment. We are sending immediately the additional 1000 cases of facsimile paper, model P-345X, that were not included in the shipment.

We value our relationship with your company, and we regret inconvenience. The incomplete shipment may have caused you inconvenience. You can be assured that this will not happen again in the future.

Sincerely yours,

Indrawan Tan
Manager, Order Department

2. Why did the paper company send another shipment?
a. The requested paper was excluded in the previous shipment
b. There was a not functioning form facsimile machine
c. The facsimile paper were included in the previous shipment
d. PT. Agung Nusa requested more than 1000 cases of P-345X facsimile paper
e. The paper company had to complete another request from other company

3. We know from the text that the first shipment…
a. Was not complete
b. Was not insured
c. Arrived late
d. Was damaged
e. Was sent to the wrong address